Vitamin D levels associate with blood glucose and BMI in COVID-19 patients predicting disease severity
Luigi Di Filippo, MD Agnese Allora, MD Mauro Doga, MD Anna Maria Formenti, MD Massimo Locatelli, MD Patrizia Rovere Querini, Professor Stefano Frara, MD Andrea Giustina, Prof Andrea Giustina
doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab599/6349205
Context: High prevalence of Vitamin-D (VD) deficiency in COVID-19 patients was reported and hypothesized to increase COVID-19 severity likely due to its negative impact on immune and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, clear associations between hypovitaminosis-D and fat body-mass excess and diabetes, factors associated with COVID-19 severity, have been widely recognized. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in COVID-19 patients the relationship between VD levels and inflammatory response, BMI, blood glucose and disease severity. Design: Patients admitted to San Raffaele-Hospital for COVID-19 were enrolled in this study, excluding those with comorbidities and therapies influencing VD-metabolism. 25(OH)VD levels, plasma glucose levels, BMI and inflammatory parameters were evaluated at admission.
Results: A total of 88 patients were included. Median VD level was 16.3 ng/mL and VDdeficiency was found in 68.2% of patients. VD-deficiency was found more frequently in male patients and in those affected by severe COVID-19. Regression analyses showed a positive correlation between VD and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and negative correlations between VD and plasma glucose, BMI, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio, CRP and IL-6.
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