Fontana et al., Clinical Kidney Journal, 13:3, 334–339,
doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaa084 (Peer Reviewed)
SARS-CoV-2 infection in dialysis patients in northern Italy: a single-centre experience
Very small observational study of 15 dialysis patients showing HCQ mortality RR 0.50,
p = 0.53.
Fontana et al., 6/22/2020, retrospective, Italy, Europe, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
risk of death, 50.0% lower, RR 0.50, p = 0.53, treatment 4 of 12 (33.3%), control 2 of 3 (66.7%).
Effect extraction follows
pre-specified rules
prioritizing more serious outcomes. For an individual study the most serious
outcome may have a smaller number of events and lower statistical signficance,
however this provides the strongest evidence for the most serious outcomes
when combining the results of many trials.