12/11 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis study (treated before exposed to the virus)
et al., Clinical Microbiology and Infection, doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.003 (Peer Reviewed)
Effect of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure on infection with SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic disease patients: A population-based cohort study
Effect of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure on infection with SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic disease patients: A population-based cohort study
Retrospective cohort study of RA and SLE patients not showing a significant difference in PCR+ cases. PCR+ does not distinguish asymptomatic cases or severity. There was only one death which was in the control group. No other information on severity is provided.33% of the control group used HCQ within the last year. Remaining confounding by differences in the nature and severity of rheumatic disease is likely.
Jung et al., 12/11/2020, retrospective, South Korea, Asia, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
risk of death, 59.3% lower, RR 0.41, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 649 (0.0%), control 1 of 1,417 (0.1%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of COVID-19 case, 13.1% higher, RR 1.13, p = 0.86, treatment 15 of 649 (2.3%), control 31 of 1,417 (2.2%), adjusted per study.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules
prioritizing more serious outcomes. For an individual study the most serious
outcome may have a smaller number of events and lower statistical signficance,
however this provides the strongest evidence for the most serious outcomes
when combining the results of many trials.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are both extremely valuable and complementary. All
practical, effective, and safe means should be used. Elimination of COVID-19
is a race against viral evolution. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is
100% available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the
efficacy of any method increases the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic; and
increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage. We do not provide
medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician
who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based
on your medical history and situation. Treatment protocols for physicians are
available from the FLCCC.