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Clinical Efficacy of Chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 Infection: Comparative metaanalysis between the Big data and the real world

Million et al., New Microbes and New Infections, doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100709

Jun 2020

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HCQ for COVID-19

1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020

^*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 422 studies, recognized in 42 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. ^* >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.

4,000+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19hcq.org

[H]CQ effective and reduces mortality by a factor 3. Meta analysis of 20 studies.

7 meta analyses show significant improvements with hydroxychloroquine for mortality Landsteiner de Sampaio Amêndola, Risch, Risch (B), Stricker, hospitalization Landsteiner de Sampaio Amêndola, recovery Prodromos, combined death/hospitalization/cases Ladapo, and cases García-Albéniz.

Currently there are 39 HCQ for COVID-19 early treatment studies, showing 76% lower mortality [61‑85%], 67% lower ventilation [-710‑99%], 31% lower ICU admission [1‑53%], and 41% lower hospitalization [28‑51%].

1. García-Albéniz et al., Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of hydroxychloroquine for the prevention of COVID-19, European Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1007/s10654-022-00891-4.springer.com, doi.org.

2. Ladapo et al., Randomized Controlled Trials of Early Ambulatory Hydroxychloroquine in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death: Meta-Analysis, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.20204693.medrxiv.org, doi.org.

3. Landsteiner de Sampaio Amêndola et al., COVID-19 Infection in Rheumatic Patients on Chronic Antimalarial Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm11226865.mdpi.com, doi.org.

4. Prodromos et al., Hydroxychloroquine is effective, and consistently so used early, for Covid-19: A systematic review, New Microbes and New Infections, doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100776.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

5. Risch, H., Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients that Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis, American Journal of Epidemiology, kwaa093, 27 May 2020, doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa093.oup.com, doi.org.

6. Risch (B), H., Response to: “Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients” and “Re: Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients that Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis”, American Journal of Epidemiology, July 20, 2020, doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa152.oup.com, doi.org.

7. Stricker et al., Hydroxychloroquine Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers from India: A Meta-Analysis, Journal of Infection and Public Health, doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.001.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

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Million et al., 6 Jun 2020, peer-reviewed, 14 authors.

This Paper HCQ All

Clinical efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 infection: comparative meta-analysis between the big data and the real world

M Million, P Gautret, P Colson, Y Roussel, G Dubourg, E Chabriere, S Honore, J-M Rolain, F Fenollar, P-E Fournier, J-C Lagier, P Parola, P Brouqui, D Raoult

New Microbes and New Infections, doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100709

In the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of chloroquine derivatives in patients, based on unpublished and published reports available publicly on the internet as of 27 May 2020. The keywords 'hydroxychloroquine', 'chloroquine', 'coronavirus', 'COVID-19' and 'SARS-Cov-2' were used in the PubMed, Google Scholar and Google search engines without any restrictions as to date or language. Twenty studies were identified involving 105 040 patients (19 270 treated patients) from nine countries (

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests. Funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. Our group used widely available generic drugs distributed by many pharmaceutical companies. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100709.

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