Determinants of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19; a prospective cohort study from Pakistan

1/2 Late treatment study

Sarfaraz et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.20248920 (Preprint)
Determinants of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19; a prospective cohort study from Pakistan

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Retrospective 186 hospitalized patients in Pakistan showing unadjusted HCQ mortality RR 1.45, p = 0.07. Confounding by indication is likely.

Sarfaraz et al., 1/2/2021, retrospective, Pakistan, South Asia, preprint, 7 authors.

risk of death, 45.0% higher, RR 1.45, p = 0.07, treatment 40 of 94 (42.6%), control 27 of 92 (29.3%).

This study is excluded in meta analysis: substantial unadjusted confounding by indication likely, significant unadjusted confounding possible, unadjusted results with no group details.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. For an individual study the most serious outcome may have a smaller number of events and lower statistical signficance, however this provides the strongest evidence for the most serious outcomes when combining the results of many trials.

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